Going to the Grand Review Parade in Washington, DC to celebrate the American victory in the Civil War

May 17, 2015 I will be in Washington, DC to celebrate the American victory during the Civil War.

The web page for the event is:

https://www.grandreviewparade.org/

I plan on watching the parade and attending the events of the day.

I am glad that there is a celebration of American victory during the Civil War.

This is one of the Facebook Pages for the even.

https://www.facebook.com/events/1406508746308008/

Click on the video to open it up to see all of it.

Kevin Levin and "faithful slaves"

Kevin Levin has an article, "A Confederate General and His Slave,"  published at the History News Network.

http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/159116

It is about Confederate general Edward Porter Alexander and a slave Gen. Alexander called Charley.

Levin explains that:

Regardless of the trust and privileges extended to camp servants, eventually some form of discipline was necessary. While soldiers in the ranks were disciplined to maintain order within a complex hierarchy, officers disciplined their servants as a reminder of their absolute authority. Alexander recalled giving Charley “a little licking but twice—once for robbing a pear tree in the garden of the Keach house, in which we were staying on the outskirts of Richmond below Rocketts, & once in Pa. just before Gettysburg, for stealing apple-brandy & getting tight on it.” It is impossible to know whether Charley considered his punishment a “little licking.” The ability to discipline a servant not only ensured continued compliance to certain expectations, but also likely reflected the servant's willingness to challenge those set boundaries. A whipping or "licking" constituted the most direct way to reset the master-slave relationship.

This discipline was necessary to who? I don't think Charley thought this discipline was necessary. He didn't have a choice, he was a slave. Free he could have chosen his own employment and not have to live in a dangerous environment in a racist pro-slavery army.

Then there is this statement:

It is unknown how long Charley was gone for and it is likely that he spent a good deal of time out from under Alexander's direct view, but with the Union army opposite Fredericksburg, he would have had an opportunity to escape as did many other camp servants by the middle of the war. It is difficult to speculate as to why Charley never followed other camp servants to freedom.

If you were caught trying to escape you were killed. Making the attempt wasn't a stroll.  Kevin is hinting that maybe Charley didn't want to escape.

However, the conclusion of the article is really a whopper.

Close to four years of close interaction must have generated strong bonds of affection between the two, but we must never lose sight of the fact that whatever emotional connections existed they did so within a strictly defined master-slave relationship.

"must have generated strong bonds of affection between the two"? Really getting beaten by a man who is compelling you to labor and ordering around all the time for no pay is going to generate bonds of affection? It might have, but "must"? I don't think so.

The article isn't very informative about history but is very informative about Kevin Levin who is unfortunately an all two common type in the world of Civil War enthusiasts.

Kevin Levin wants people to stop talking about this neo-Confederate stuff and leave the Civil War to experts like himself. Also, the banal white nationalist progressively reveals himself.

Kevin Levin represents a certain type of thinking among Civil War enthusiasts and Civil War scholars. Examining his attitudes is good to illustrate this certain type of thinking

For these types of Civil War enthusiast the Civil War is to be a nostalgic toy soldier game and all this discussion about race and neo-Confederates just isn't wanted. He, like others in the circles of the Civil War enthusiasts longs for the Civil War Round Tables of the 1960s.

Recently he has really outdone himself.

ONE

There is this blog posting where he is upset with Brian Buetler advocating for a national holiday celebrating the preservation of the United States and the end of slavery.

http://cwmemory.com/2015/04/07/why-confederate-defeat-does-need-to-be-a-national-holiday/

New Republic Brian Buetler's proposal advocates that the American victory and Confederate defeat is a good thing and should be recognized as such and his proposal directly confronts the Confederate memorialization that saturates the former Confederate states and even slave states that didn't secede.

The links to the two articles are:

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121406/civil-war-150th-anniversary-confederacy-defeat-should-be-holiday

And:

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121477/civil-war-150th-anniversary-southerners-should-celebrate-union

The discussion of such a proposal would help people confront the civil religion of the former Confederate states and the idea that the Confederacy maybe isn't something to be celebrated. It would be a very salutary debate.

Levin response doesn't really get to specifics, the Lost Cause is supposedly a very complicated topic, and the subject of historical memory usually is, and because of this, Buetler's proposal is supposed a bad thing, but it isn't clear why the complexity of the phenomenon precludes Buetler's proposal. Levin emphasizes in his blog posting that Buetler isn't knowledgeable about Lost Cause historical memory unlike experts such as himself.

TWO

Then there is this posting.

http://cwmemory.com/2015/04/15/will-the-real-appomattox-commemoration-please-stand-up/

The blog posting criticizes Jamelle Bouie's column about an Appomattox observance in Slate.

http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2015/04/appomattox_150th_anniversary_neglects_emancipation_our_commemoration_of.html

Bouie finds that the, "The emancipation of black Americans has been written out of our celebration of the Civil War’s end."

Anyone who has had a subscription to Civil War News, the newspaper of Civil War "re-enactors" and enthusiasts would realize that it is often true. Bouie's comments may not be true of every Civil War event, but they are true about a great many Civil War events, if not the majority of those not run by the National Park Service (NPS).

Levine refers to the NPS's three day Appomattox observance and gives this web page: http://www.nps.gov/apco/150th-anniversary-of-appomattox-court-house.htm

The NPS is realizing that non-white people aren't going out to the National Parks and with changing demographics the NPS is looking at a decline in support for the NPS in the future. So they are making an effort. They are bringing in the issue of slavery to the Civil War Battlefield parks, much to the consternation of the readers of Civil War News.

If an event isn't an NPS event it very well might be like the event Bouie encountered.

THREE

Then there is this blog posting criticizing Euan Hague's and my article in www.politico.com.

http://cwmemory.com/2015/04/16/the-death-knell-of-confederate-heritage/

http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/civil-war-american-south-still-loves-confederacy-116771_full.html#.VTBVhPnF8Y1

Levin asserts that support for the Lost Cause is in full retreat. He writes about a bill in Texas to get ride of the Texas state holiday Confederate Heroes Day. However, it is very unclear whether this bill will pass.

There is a growing opposition to the Lost Cause interpretation of the Civil War and the Confederacy and I have seen progress in some areas, however I don't see necessarily the Lost Cause necessarily retreating and much less than in full retreat.

Levin is just picking a few examples to support his point and of course since he doesn't want to acknowledge the existence of neo-Confederacy, because of that, he only looks at certain aspects of the public and historical memory and not others, and only some issues and not others.

In 2011 the Pew Research Center did a poll on attitudes towards the Civil War. This is the link:

http://www.people-press.org/2011/04/08/civil-war-at-150-still-relevant-still-divisive/

One poll result was very disturbing. Quoting from the report:

Young people are more likely than older Americans to say that the war’s main cause was states’ rights – 60% of those younger than 30 express this view, the highest percentage of any age group. Those 65 and older are the only age group in which more say that slavery, rather than states’ rights, was the main cause of the Civil War (by 50% to 34%). While 48% of whites view states’ rights was the war’s main cause, so too do 39% of African Americans.

It seems that with time a Lost Cause view of the Civil War may become dominate.  

Even if Texas acts to get rid of Confederate Heroes Day which is not likely to happen, the state of Texas has acted to ensure that the teaching of Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas public schools will teach a Lost Cause view. Even if the Confederate Heroes Day is dropped, with public schools teaching a Lost Cause understanding of history it won't be too long before it is readopted.

This was an assessment of the Texas Teaching standards in the Washington Post.

"Elements of the Texas curriculum standards give undue legitimacy to neo-Confederate arguments about “states’ rights” and the legacy of slavery in the South. While most publishers avoid problems with these issues, passages in a few U.S. history and government textbooks give a nod to these misleading arguments."

From: 

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/09/12/proposed-texas-textbooks-are-inaccurate-biased-and-politicized-new-report-finds/

Since Levin refuses to acknowledge neo-Confederacy he ignores how neo-Confederate ideology is percolating into the conservative movement in the country.

As an example, many of the "Politically Incorrect" series of conservative books have made the New York Times best seller list. A great many of them, including ones which made the NYT bestseller list, are written by persons who are active in the neo-Confederate movement.  This is only one example where neo-Confederates are mainstreaming their ideas.

The Politico article may well upset Levin because it shows that the SCV isn't just a nostalgic group involved in "southern heritage," as he likes to label these type of groups, but a nasty reactionary group.

People are rejecting the Lost Cause and becoming aware of the existence of the neo-Confederate movement and really not liking it. They are willing to call it a bunch of toxic rubbish and strongly express their opinions that it is a bunch of toxic rubbish and that it needs to be thrown out with the trash.

This alarms Levin. 

NOTE: I define banal white nationalism in this essay:

http://www.templeofdemocracy.com/breaking-the-white-nation.html

Matt Vespa at "Hot Air." Scott Whitlock at "Newsbusters," Trent Lott explained in the "Southern Partisan" years ago that the Republican Party was the party of Jefferson Davis

Harold Meyerson had an editorial April 8, 2015 that the Republican Party was the party of Jefferson Davis. It is online here:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/no-longer-the-party-of-lincoln/2015/04/08/bcc46068-de19-11e4-be40-566e2653afe5_story.html

So some conservative commentators have taken offense at it. Scott Whitlock at Newsbusters:

http://newsbusters.org/blogs/scott-whitlock/2015/04/11/sneering-wash-post-gop-now-party-jefferson-davis

Matt Vespa at a conservative website Hot Air.

http://hotair.com/archives/2015/04/10/wapo-writer-todays-gop-is-the-party-of-jefferson-davis/

Former Republican U.S. Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi in 1984 explained how the Republican party was the part of Jefferson Davis.

Harold Meyerson with the Washington Post is just catching up on this.  Phil Gramm, former Republican Senator of Texas had an interview in Southern Partisan which largely said the same thing, but more obliquely.

This is what former U.S. Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi explained in a Southern Partisan interview (Fall 1984, Vol. 4 No. 4):

Page 44

Partisan: At the convention of the Sons of Confederate Veterans in Biloxi, Mississippi you made the statement that "the spirit of Jefferson Davis lives in the 1984 Republican Platform." What did you mean by that?

Lott: I think that a lot of the fundamental principals that Jefferson Davis believed in are very important today to people all across the country, and they apply to the Republican Party. .... After the War between the States, a lot of Southerners identified with the Democrat Party because of the radical Republicans we had at the time, particularly in the Senate. The South was wedded to that party for years and years and years. But we have seen the Republican Party become more conservative and more oriented toward traditional family values, the religious values that we hold dear in the South. And the Democratic party has been going in the other direction. As a result of that, more and more of The South's sons, Jefferson Davis' descendants, direct or indirect, are becoming involved in the Republican Party. The platform we had in Dallas, the 1984 Republican platform, all the ideas we supported there --- from tax policy, to foriegn policy: from individual rights, to neighborhood security --- are things that Jefferson Davis believed in.

Later in the interview complaining about the Voting Rights Act:

Page 46
Partisan: Well, you were very successful early in the administration, with the economic program, but so often when it comes to an issue of great importance to the South --- one that comes to mind is the renewal of the punitive Voting Rights Legislation -- even some of our Southern Republicans seemed to have backbones of jelly. You are one of the few who took a stand against that legislation which, with the "effects test," is far worse than the original version of the legislation.

Lott: We tried to improve on it; we tried to hold off some of those changes that make it even more punitive, and the "effects test" is one example. But I have always maintained that if the same laws were applicable to say, Queens, New York that are applicable to other Southern states, Queens wouldn't be in compliance. ... There is no escape hatch for us. They are still trying to exact Reconstruction legislation that is just not fair. [Followed by a lengthy complaint that if you vote against civil rights legislation people say you are against civil rights.]

Later in the interview complaining about voting or a Martin Luther King holiday:

Page 47

Partisan: We have another example which seems to defy political reality. The Republican party gets very little of the black vote. Yet when you come with a controversial issue like the King holiday, which more or less made Martin Luther King a symbol equivalent to George Washington, you find a vast majority of Republicans --- even Southern Republicans -- going along. Where is the gain for the Republican Party? The one instance where it has been disproven as a political advantage, Jesse Helms was 200 points down in North Carolina before he made this a more issue with his opponent. Then Helms pulled up to a neck-and-neck position in the poll. 

Lott: Well, I think it is a mistake to vote for something like that. It is either needed or not, it is either right or wrong. And I would not vote for another national holiday for anybody, including Thomas Jefferson. I would vote for eliminating some of the ones we already have, as a matter of fact. Look at the cost involved in the Martin Luther King holiday and the fact that we have not done it for a lot of other people that were more deserving. I just think it was basically wrong. ...

"The Civil War's Dirty Secret: It Was Always About Slavery," by Christopher Dickey at the "Daily Beast"

The Lost Cause view of the Confederacy and the Civil War is rejected emphatically in this article by Christopher Dickey at the Daily Beast.

http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/10/the-civil-war-s-dirty-secret-it-was-always-about-slavery.html

The article concludes:

But there are times, and maybe today is one of those times, when one looks at the great questions of race and rights in the United States and realizes the spirit of the fire-eaters—their rationalization of racism, their contempt for the federal government, their penchant for violence, their self-deluding vision of their place in the world, and their desire to impose their values on the majority—all that, I am afraid, lives on.

David Blight on the Civil War and modern politics.

David Blight has an article at The Atlantic online news page here:

http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-civil-war-isnt-over/389847/

A quote from the article

Although these contemporary echoes from previous centuries ought not be treated as straight equivalence between past and present, far-right federalists, who dominate the movement called the Tea Party, and who have found a vigorous leadership position at the heart of the Republican Party and on the federal judiciary, have much in common with the secessionists of 1861. Both groups are distinct minorities who have suddenly seized an inordinate degree of power due to congressional districting practices and effective use of conspiracy theories about centralization and the “leviathan” state. One acted in revolution to create and save a slaveholders’ republic; the other seems determined to render the modern federal government all but obsolete for any purpose beyond national defense and the protection of private citizens from having to participate in a social contract with their fellow citizens in tax-supported programs such as Social Security, Medicare, public education, environmental protection, or disaster relief. Both groups claim their mantle of righteousness in the name of “liberty,” privatization, hyper-individualism and racial supremacy (one openly, the other covertly). Both vehemently claim the authority of the “Founders” as though the American Revolution and the creation of the Constitution have no history. Modern-day states’ rightists and sometimes nullifiers embrace versions of federalism that might once have been thought all but buried in the mass slaughter of the Civil War, or in the imperatives of the New Deal’s response to the Great Depression, or in the 1964 and 1965 Civil Rights Acts, or in the battle over the Environmental Protection Agency. But history does not end; it keeps happening. The radical wing of the conservative movement in America, still ascendant in Congress and dominant in most of the South, seems determined to repeal much of the twentieth-century social legislation, and even tear up its constitutional and social roots in the transformations of the 1860s. As Americans disturbingly learn, generation after generation, many have never fully accepted the verdicts of Appomattox.

The article did get this negative response from National Review.

 http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/416771/forget-selma-envy-some-liberals-have-gettysburg-envy-david-french

The geography of politics and the Confederacy, an interesting article with maps from "The Economist"

The following is an interesting article about the geography of politics and the Confederacy with maps published in "The Economist."

http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21647625-150-years-after-end-civil-war-states-were-once-confederate-remain

Quartz has a good article about how the Civil War was over slavery, not states' rights

The article is here:

http://qz.com/378533/for-the-last-time-the-american-civil-war-was-not-about-states-rights/

It’s a self-delusion some use to justify neo-Confederate pride: stars-and-bars bumper stickers, or remnants of Confederate iconography woven into some of today’s state flags. “It’s about Southern pride,” they insist. “It’s about heritage”—forgetting, intentionally perhaps, that slavery and its decade-spanning echoes are very much a part of the collective American heritage. Confederate denialism, in the form of states’ rights advocacy, permits sentimentalists to keep their questionable imagery without having to address its unsavory associations.

Politico article about the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the neo-Confederate movement. SCV racial attitudes made very clear. UPDATE: League of the South blog loses its mind over article. UPDATE2: Free Republic response to article

An article about the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) and the neo-Confederate movement by Euan Hague with my assistance has been published at Politico. It is a two page article, don't miss the 2nd section.

The link is:

http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/civil-war-american-south-still-loves-confederacy-116771.html#.VSW0M_nF8Y0

People reading the article will realize what SCV "heritage" is really about. 

Some extracts from the article:

Some of the SCV’s most troubling viewpoints are expressed in forums and publications intended for an internal audience, such as Southern Mercury magazine. In these venues, authors such as Frank Conner argue that 19th century African-Americans were a “childlike people” whose inferior IQs were deliberately hidden by liberal academics. In turn, Michael W. Masters, who in the 1990s contributed to the white supremacist American Renaissance and was a member of the Council of Conservative Citizens, found a new audience for his assessments in SCV venues. In one piece from 2006 Masters argues that the very basis of Western civilization is under attack by proponents of “multiculturalism” and the “tolerance of diversity” who work to engineer “envy and hatred of white people, reverse racism through affirmative action and race-based entitlements…, [and] an uncontrolled flood of culturally alien Third World immigrants.”

And: 

In more public venues, the SCV’s dog-whistle politics come into play. Casting an eye over recent events in Ferguson and elsewhere, although never explicitly stating this, SCV deputy commander-in-chief Thomas V. Strain Jr. recently decried the “young men with no guidance attacking law-abiding citizens and law enforcement officers,” officers who, when they “remedy the situation and protect the innocent … are called murderers.” The lineage of today’s events, he lamented, goes back to Reconstruction (1865-1877), a period when “our ancestors … were stripped of their arms, their voting rights, their means of supporting themselves—and in many cases their very homes” as the “central government… create[d] a form of dependency–in return for votes.”

What the neo-Confederate movement and the SCV is all about is made very clear in this article.

I plan on printing out copies to send to churches that might be considering hosting the SCV. 

UPDATE: 

The League of the South blog has been so upset that they did the following blog posting.

http://www.lsrebellion.blogspot.com/2015/04/why-confederacy-lives.html

The author of the blog posting is so upset that he can't see straight.

For starters Heidi Beirich was not involved in writing the article. Euan Hague wrote it and I helped with research for the article. Beirich is one of the three co-editors of a book about neo-Confederates. However, the article upsets the blog poster so much that he can't read by byline properly.

Regarding Ferguson, the posting at the Rebellion blog selectively quotes the article. What is missing is this from the article:

The lineage of today’s events, he lamented, goes back to Reconstruction (1865-1877), a period when “our ancestors … were stripped of their arms, their voting rights, their means of supporting themselves—and in many cases their very homes” as the “central government… create[d] a form of dependency–in return for votes.”

There have been a lot of commentators regarding Ferguson, but probably only neo-Confederates relate Ferguson back to Reconstruction. The whole point of the article is how the SCV uses historical memory to support its world view and how the SCV isn't just a historical remembrance organization.

As the article states:

In this way, the Confederate “heritage” movement has gone way beyond tending graves and cutting grass at Confederate cemeteries or reenacting battles. Indeed, the idea that groups like the SCV represent Confederate “heritage” is a misnomer: They are political organizations that aggressively promote their versions of the Confederacy behind a veneer of benign ancestral reverence. In 2015, the Confederate flag comes with a reactionary, anti-democratic, anti-federal politics, a politics that reverberates through social media, talk radio, and niche publishers.

There are a log of political organizations with viewpoints regarding Ferguson, the SCV is one of them, not just a "heritage" group.

The Politico article is a good concise article about what neo-Confederacy is all about, that is why neo-Confederates, at least one, is so upset he can't read properly a byline.

UPDATE2:

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3277992/posts

Some of the posters at the forum do say that the Civil War is about slavery and reject emphatically the Lost Cause interpretation of the Civil War. Others buy into one neo-Confederate idea or another.

What is interesting is that these conservatives who think they are so much more patriotic than others, aren't so patriotic when it comes to white supremacy, or the question might be raised to what are these Free Republic people patriotic to?

This is an essay on banal white nationalism.

http://www.templeofdemocracy.com/breaking-the-white-nation.html

New Republic article asks to celebrate Appomattox and reject the Lost Cause UPDATE: Brian Beutler has follow up article

The New Republic article by Brian Beutler is online and available at this link:

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121406/civil-war-150th-anniversary-confederacy-defeat-should-be-holiday

It is a total rejection of the Lost Cause interpretation of the Civil War and the Confederacy and rejects totally accommodation with the Lost Cause.

Some quotes:

People of good faith can argue over whether these kinds of symbolic concessions (as opposed to the concrete ones, which consigned emancipated slaves to a century of sanctioned depredations) were wise or necessary means to the end of preserving the Union. Some of them weren't concessions at all, so much as insufficient commitment on the part of Northerners to the livelihood of blacks in the South. "[A]s Northern Republican Party became more conservative," historian Eric Foner wrote recently, "Reconstruction came to be seen as a misguided attempt to uplift the lower classes of society." But 150 years on, we know that subjugation is a moral obscenity, and that there's no valid modern argument for spitshining the Confederacy.

And:

By contrast, the Union’s victory, and the abolition of slavery, both merit celebration as exemplars of American improvement and renewal, even if many Unionists weren’t moral heroes. These twin accomplishments are as worthy of a federal holiday as any holiday we already celebrate. So let's name April 9 New Birth of Freedom Day. And if that creates too much paid leave for government workers, we could swap out Columbus Day. We don't yet live in the America Obama described, but we should strive to.

In a better America, we’d all have Thursday off. And there would be fireworks.

Brian Beutler  is a Senior Editor of New Republic, it seems that the New Republic is taking a hardline against the Lost Cause.

UPDATE: This is a follow up article that Brian Beutler did in response to some of the res

ponse to his article.

http://www.newrepublic.com/article/121477/civil-war-150th-anniversary-southerners-should-celebrate-union

Kevin Levin has a blog complaining about Brian Beutler also. I think when push comes to shove we find out who Levin really is.

http://cwmemory.com/2015/04/07/why-confederate-defeat-does-need-to-be-a-national-holiday/

As usual Levin doesn't address the points raised the article he doesn't like, but instead disparages the author and Levin is his usual condescending self.  Levin wants the reader to know that Beutler isn't likely to be a member of the League of Distinguished Civil War historians like himself.

I have always asserted that by pressing on this issue about celebrating the Confederacy you would be able to reveal who people really are as opposed to whom they think they are or might profess themselves to be.

http://www.templeofdemocracy.com/breaking-the-white-nation.html

Charles Pierce of "Esquire" magazine blogs that the Republican Party is subversive of the Union.

Charles Pierce of "Esquire" magazine blogs that the Republican Party is subversive of the Union.

http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/news/a33605/how-the-gop-subverts-the-republic/

In the Fall 1984 Southern Partisan magazine (Vol. 4 No. 4) by Republican Mississippi U.S. Senator Trent Lott explains how the "spirit of Jefferson Davis lives in the 1984 Republican Platform."

Page 44

Partisan: At the convention of the Sons of Confederate Veterans in Biloxi, Mississippi you made the statement that "the spirit of Jefferson Davis lives in the 1984 Republican Platform." What did you mean by that?

Lott: I think that a lot of the fundamental principals that Jefferson Davis believed in are very important today to people all across the country, and they apply to the Republican Party. .... After the War between the States, a lot of Southerners identified with the Democrat Party because of the radical Republicans we had at the time, particularly in the Senate. The South was wedded to that party for years and years and years. But we have seen the Republican Party become more conservative and more oriented toward traditional family values, the religious values that we hold dear in the South. And the Democratic party has been going in the other direction. As a result of that, more and more of The South's sons, Jefferson Davis' descendants, direct or indirect, are becoming involved in the Republican Party. The platform we had in Dallas, the 1984 Republican platform, all the ideas we supported there --- from tax policy, to foriegn policy: from individual rights, to neighborhood security --- are things that Jefferson Davis believed in. 

Page 46

Partisan: Well, you were very successful early in the administration, with the economic program, but so often when it comes to an issue of great importance to the South --- one that comes to mind is the renewal of the punitive Voting Rights Legislation -- even some of our Southern Republicans seemed to have backbones of jelly. You are one of the few who took a stand against that legislation which, with the "effects test," is far worse than the original version of the legislation.

Lott: We tried to improve on it; we tried to hold off some of those changes that make it even more punitive, and the "effects test" is one example. But I have always maintained that if the same laws were applicable to say, Queens, New York that are applicable to other Southern states, Queens wouldn't be in compliance. ... There is no escape hatch for us. They are still trying to exact Reconstruction legislation that is just not fair. [In the interview this was followed by a lengthy complaint that if you vote against civil rights legislation people say you are against civil rights.] 

Page 47 

Partisan: We have another example which seems to defy political reality. The Republican party gets very little of the black vote. Yet when you come with a controversial issue like the King holiday, which more or less made Martin Luther King a symbol equivalent to George Washington, you find a vast majority of Republicans --- even Southern Republicans -- going along. Where is the gain for the Republican Party? The one instance where it has been disproven as a political advantage, Jesse Helms was 200 points down in North Carolina before he made this a more issue with his opponent. Then Helms pulled up to a neck-and-neck position in the poll. 

Lott: Well, I think it is a mistake to vote for something like that. It is either needed or not, it is either right or wrong. And I would not vote for another national holiday for anybody, including Thomas Jefferson. I would vote for eliminating some of the ones we already have, as a matter of fact. Look at the cost involved in the Martin Luther King holiday and the fact that we have not done it for a lot of other people that were more deserving. I just think it was basically wrong. ... 

Sons of Confederate Veterans Lt. Commander-in-Chief on Michael Brown and Eric Garner and the #BlackLivesMatter campaign.

Sons of Confederate Veteran (SCV) Lt. Commander-in-Chief Thomas V. Strain Jr. in the March/April 2015 issue of the "Confederate Veteran" magazine, official publication of the SCV on pages 8-9, is contemptuous of the #BlackLivesMatter campaign.

Strain comments:

"The United States are enduring some troubling times currently. We have young men with no guidance attacking law-abiding citizens and law enforcement officers in the streets of this country. Moreover, when the officer what is necessary to in many cases to remedy the situation and protect the innocent, they are being called murderers."

Strain feels that the police are vindicated by government investigations. The real problem Strain feels are leaders in the African American community and others demonstrating against these deaths.

Strain asserts:

"This is not a black-and-white issue: it is a right--versus-wrong issue."

Strain then complains about civil rights leaders and writes:

"To make matters worse, a certain group of self-appointed leaders, who wish to prosper from the very people they claim to be helping, don't speak of peace, and instead call for riots and more violent acts."

Strain doesn't mention the #Blacklivesmatter campaign by name but it is very clear in the article that he is talking about that campaign.

Strain then writes:

"You are probably wondering what this has to do with the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and the answer is a simple one."

Indeed people might ask the same question.

Strain explains:

"Reconstruction is where the very seeds were planted for such situations and in those years is found the root causes of where much of this began."

Strain explains that Reconstruction usurped the power of the states and resulted in a centralized state with "direct democracy" which results in dependency and social problems.

The rest of the article goes on to claim that Reconstruction was an oppression of the South and for SCV members to fight for the historical truth about the Confederacy and Reconstruction.

Yet, though it is quote clear that the SCV has a racial agenda and isn't just a "heritage" organization, there are those Civil War historians who insist on calling the SCV a "Southern heritage" group and deny that there is a neo-Confederate movement.

Change.org petition against inducting Confederates in the Florida Veterans Hall of Fame. UPDATE: Names have been withdrawn.

This is the petition.

I just signed it.


https://www.change.org/p/governor-rick-scott-the-florida-legislature-and-the-florida-department-of-veterans-affairs-don-t-induct-confederate-soldiers-into-the-florida-veterans-hall-of-fame?just_created=true

These people shot at American soldiers and they weren't members of the American army and their efforts would have destroyed America.

UPDATE: Names have been withdrawn. Though I think additional signatures would help make this petition a deterrent against future attempts.

Commitments of the Confederates to the Confederacy

The Lost Cause advocates like to portray the Confederacy as a heroic effort by people in the South. No doubt some people were heroically committed.

However, it is the Confederate policy on taxation that speaks to the level of commitment of Confederate elites to the war effort.

Whereas the American government raised tariffs and implemented an income tax and also added many other taxes to raise money and prevent inflation and pay for the Civil War the Confederacy decided to print money to pay for expenses.

Wars cost money, lots and lots of it. Even in those days it cost a lot, boat loads of money.

During wars there is a big demand for goods and services by the government and it can be inflationary with the huge amounts of money the government is spending. However, with taxes you can pay for some of the war expenditures and with revenue you can sell bonds since people know you have revenue and taxes and bonds pull in money and this keeps inflation somewhat under control.

However, resorting to the printing presses and talking about glory doesn't work well for paying for a war. Flooding the country with banknotes results in inflation which makes purchasing war bonds a donation to the government and they don't sell sufficiently. It then becomes a race between printing banknotes and rising prices. The story of financing a government solely by printing banknotes is story that has been repeated many times and the consequences are well known.

The Confederates had the example of the bank notes of the French republic during the French Revolution and the bank notes of the American Revolution to show them the consequences of printing money to finance the government.

It might be argued that there wasn't much in terms of precious metal currency (specie) or similar things to support paying taxes, but there could have been payment in goods for taxes. Also, with taxes in Confederate currency goods could be sold for that currency and used to pay for taxes.

Elites in the Confederacy were quick to draft people and send them off to die, but when it came time for them to cough up some money, they weren't willing to do what was necessary. The glory of the Confederacy wasn't worth it to them to give up the glitter of gold.

This shouldn't be surprising. Slave owners are those who engage in the brutality of slavery for gain, it shouldn't be expect that in general they should be willing to sacrifice for a common good.

"Los Angeles Times" article about Abraham Lincoln uses term "Black Lives Matter."

It seems that the concept that "Black Lives Matter" might be getting more use in the historical profession. John Barr, author of "Loathing Lincoln" has posted this on his Facebook page.

The Op-Ed is titled, "How Abraham Lincoln said that Black Lives Matter," by Martha Hodes. The link follows:

http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0301-hodes-lincoln-second-inaugural-20150301-story.html

Hopefully people who are concerned that human life matters will perceive historians who in their thinking Black lives don't matter.

Martha Hodes' website is http://marthahodes.com/.

An earlier blog I had on the topic about Black lives matter in history is at:
http://newtknight.blogspot.com/search?q=matter#.VPJXs_nF_UU

Updated Churches of the Confederacy campaign on www.templeofdemocracy.com website

The website www.templeofdemocracy.com has been updated with the 2015 correspondence to church leaders in Richmond about them hosting neo-Confederate groups. I will continue  to update the pages as more information comes in and more letters are written.

Letter to the Historic Richmond Foundation

The Historic Richmond Foundation unfortunately lent their Monumental Church to the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) in 2014. The Richmond Free Press ran an article on the story.

http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2014/nov/07/confederates-hold-service-downtown-church/

This is my certified letter in 2015 asking them not to lend the church to the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV). I also discuss their lending their facilities to the UDC and the irresponsibility of doing so.

I copied it extensively using proof of mailing.. I think that they won't lend their facilities to the SCV for the reason is that it is bad publicity.

     January 26, 2015

                                                                   Edward H. Sebesta

                                                                   edwardsebesta@gmail.com

Mary Jane Massad Hogue

Executive Director

Historic Richmond Foundation

4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C

Richmond, VA 23219

Dear Ms. Hogue:

Please find enclosed a copy of the Richmond Free Press article about your allowing the neo-Confederate group, the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), to Monumental Church at their annual national convention in 2014 and your responses. [Matthews, Joey, “Confederates to hold service at Downtown church,” Richmond Free Press, Vol. 23, No. 45, Nov. 6-8, 2014, pages A1, A14.] It is available online at:

http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2014/nov/07/confederates-hold-service-downtown-church/

Also, please find enclosed an article published in Black Commentator about the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) which I think to any reasonable person documents their racism and extremism. It is also available online at:

http://www.blackcommentator.com/526/526_confederacy_sebesta_guest_share.html

I am an investigative researcher regarding the neo-Confederate movement. I have had two books published by university presses and articles in peer-reviewed academic journals. I enclose a copy of my online curriculum vitae which is also online at http://templeofdemocracy.com/curriculum-vitae.html. Additionally there have been other articles published at Black Commentator also accessible from my online curriculum vitae.

In addition to my research I am also an activist. My recent concern is the enabling of neo-Confederate organizations by mainstream institutions. In 2013 I got major corporations to stop donating to the SCV through the We Care website. After learning that they were supporting the SCV major corporations started contacting We Care and in a matter of days We Care dropped the SCV. You can read about this campaign at Black Commentator at this URL:

http://www.blackcommentator2.com/527_cover_scv_donation_loss_sebesta_guest.html

After getting major corporations to stop supporting neo-Confederate groups I have been writing churches asking them not to enable neo-Confederate groups. It hasn’t been entirely unsuccessful so far, but I have found that the temples of Mammon were much more willing than the churches of Christ not to support neo-Confederate organizations.

The Sons of Confederate Veterans are planning to have their 2015 national convention in Richmond, Virginia.  You can read about it at this website: http://www.jebstuartcamp.org/jebstuartcamp.org/2015reunion/.

I am writing you to make two requests:

1)   Do not allow the Sons of Confederate Veterans to use any of your facilities for their 2015 national convention or for any other activity either now or in the future.

2)   Do not allow any other neo-Confederate organization, including the United Daughters of the Confederacy, to use your facilities for their activities either now or in the future.

The United Daughters of the Confederacy has a lengthy history of supporting white supremacy going back to the early 20th century shortly after they had finished organizing. You can see many primary historical documents regarding their racial attitudes at www.confederatepastpresent.org and use the search term “daughters.”

However, I think documentation shows that these racial attitudes are not confined to the past. This is an organization that currently runs a Red Shirt Shrine to glorify a violent white supremacist group in 19th century South Carolina and of which they are proud of as documented in the June/July 2001 UDC Magazine article, pages 23, 24, and the cover of their magazine. In an article in the Dec. 2012 UDC Magazine, pages 11-14, is an appalling racist article in which the infamous post-Civil War Black Codes of the former Confederate states are defended, African American men are represented as having been potential rapists, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution is argued to be misguided, freed African Americans are asserted to have been incompetent to be citizens. The article asserts, “Newly liberated Negroes were not prepared for their freedom…” These are but two contemporary examples of the UDC’s attitudes towards race. Documentation enclosed.

In allowing neo-Confederate groups you make yourself an enabler of their agenda which in regarding race is clearly documented by their own record.

Another question raised by your allowing the UDC to use Monumental Church in 2014 is whether the Historic Richmond Foundation’s purpose is to construct a racialized landscape, or more precisely a white racial landscape.

The question is whether your efforts serve to construct Richmond, Virginia as a Confederate theme park, a Confederate capitol of the imagination, or otherwise stated a sacred place of a metaphysical Confederacy with your buildings are points of pilgrimage by neo-Confederates and others would are perhaps “Gone With the Wind,” who dream of the Confederacy. It doesn’t really matter whether the Historic Richmond Foundation does this on purpose, ignorance or with reckless indifference.

In the August 2014 issue of UDC Magazine, page 19 there is the following section on the use of Monumental Church for their national convention in Richmond (documentation enclosed):

Newly-restored Monumental Church, designed by Robert Mills and opened in 1814, almost pre-dates Richmond’s founding. Newly restored to its original appearance, this was the church of Chief Justice Marshall. Many events of Confederate history passed its doors during the War years. [Bold face added.]

As you can see the UDC saw the use of this church as an opportunity to imagine the Confederacy. You did allow the work of the Historic Richmond Foundation to be used in the imagining of Richmond as the capitol of the Confederacy, to be a Confederate theme park, a Confederate fantasyland. I think that it would be obvious that they would do this, it is not like their purpose is secret. Their purpose is clearly in their name.

Jonathan Leib in his chapter “The Witting Autobiography of Richmond Virginia: Arthur Ashe, the Civil War, and Monument Avenue’s Racialized Landscape,” in the book, points out that:

As a former capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond’s landscape has the densest concentration of memorials to the Confederacy of any large Southern city, ranging from a sixty-foot-tall monument to Robert E. Lee to a downtown street named after his horse Traveller. [From page 188, Chapter 10, “Landscape and Race in the United States,” edited by Richard H. Schein, publisher Routledge, 2006 (New York)]

The chapter discusses how the landscape through monuments and other efforts worked to construct the Richmond landscape as a white landscape and support values of white supremacy and how the controversy over the Arthur Ashe monument made this explicit and obvious.

An organization which hoped to contribute to a modern American city, the type of city which strives to value all members of society regardless of race and to be an inclusive multi-racial democracy, would certainly not support neo-Confederate groups or identifying with the pro-slavery and pro-white supremacist Confederacy.

Any restoration work in such a Confederate saturated landscape as is Richmond’s would seem to require care by any organization concerned with not perpetuating a white landscape. Yet your comments in the Richmond Free Press article reveal a total indifference to the issues of landscape and race and an arrogant refusal to recognize that you are aiding neo-Confederates and a racial agenda.

The president of the Historic Richmond Foundation, Andrew K. Clark, is a donor to the Museum of the Confederacy. This raises the question as to whether the Historic Richmond Foundation really has any real concerns not to embrace Richmond’s Confederate past as an ideal.  

In particular I wish point out one of your statements. “I don’t know much about their organization,” in reference to the United Daughters of the Confederacy. They have a substantial building as their national headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. As I stated earlier, their purpose is clearly stated in their name, United Daughters of the Confederacy, they exist to honor an attempt to form a state to defend slavery from emancipation and to preserve white supremacy.

If the Historic Richmond Foundation is irresponsible regarding race and the landscape and neo-Confederate groups, then I think that it is obvious that the Historic Richmond Foundation works towards ill for the city of Richmond and works to restore more than buildings from the past, but also racial attitudes form the past.

Further for those who choose to support the Historic Richmond Foundation if the Foundation’s practice continues to preserve racial attitudes from the past and enable neo-Confederate groups they reveal their real racial attitudes and are pernicious undermining civil rights. Businesses who support the Historical Richmond Foundation, when the foundation practice is such, certainly bring into question any personnel policies they have for the work place regarding non-discrimination.

I ask you to avoid preserving past racial attitudes when you preserve buildings and to not support neo-Confederate groups by allowing them the use of your facilities for their activities.

                                                          Sincerely Yours,

                                                          Edward H. Sebesta

[NOTE: I sent copies of this letter to the staff of the Historic Richmond Foundation, NOT the staff of the Museum of the Confederacy as indicated in this CC. See following table.] Cc: This letter was copied to the staff of the Museum of the Confederacy; the trustees of the Historic Richmond Foundation; the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and Immediate Past-President of the Historic Richmond Foundation, the Junior Board of the Historic Richmond Foundation; the Board of Advisors of the Historic Richmond Foundation; Active Members of the Council of Historic Richmond; Sustaining Members of the Council of Historic Richmond; Mayor of Richmond; Richmond City Council; corporate donors for the restoration of the Monumental Church. The detailed list follows and will be sent in the original letter to the Executive Director of the Historic Richmond Foundation, however, those who have received copies are referred to www.templeofdemocracy.com in the interest of conserving paper where the entire letter will be online.

No.	Name	Title	Affiliation	Address
1	Mary Jane Massad Hogue	Executive Director, Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond	Historic Richmond Foundation	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
2	Andrew K. Clark	President	LeClairRyan	LeClairRyan, Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 East Byrd Street, Eighth Floor, Richmond, VA 23219
3	Coleen A. Butler Rodriquez	First Vice-President	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
4	David I. Meyers	Secretary	Troutman Sanders	Troutman Sanders, Troutman Sanders Bldg., 1001 Haxall Point, Richmond, VA 23219
5	Daniel P. Healy	CPA, Treasurer	Manager and Partner at the Guggenheim Partners Genworth Financials	Genworth Financial Inc., 6620 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23230
6	Hunter A. Applewhite	Trustee	President Dominion Foundation	Dominion Foundation, 120 Tredegar St., Richmond, VA 23219
7	G. William Beale	Trustee	Union Market Bank	Union Market Bank, 1051 East Cary St., Suite 1200, Richmond, VA 23219
8	Michael J. Bogese, Jr.	Trustee	The Bogese Companies	The Bogese Companies, 113 South 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23219
9	Robert E. Comet	Trustee	BCWH Architects	BCWH Architects, 1840 West Broad St., Suite 400, Richmond, VA 23220
10	Tracy Scott Doherty	Trustee	MeadWestvaco	501 South 5th St., Richmond, VA 23219-0501
11	Betty M. Fahed	Trustee	Wills Financial Group	Wills Financial Group Inc., P.O. Box 18338, Richmond, VA 23226
12	Susan S. Fisher	Trustee	Long & Foster	Long & Foster Companies, 14501 George Carter Way, Chantilly, VA, 20151.
13	Todd R. Flowers	Trustee, Member Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Dominion Resources	Dominion Resources, 120 Tredegar St., Richmond, VA 23219
14	Roy B. Goodman	Trustee	Luck Stone Corporation	Luck Stone Corporation, P.O. Box 29682, Richmond, VA 23242
15	Mark A. Herzog	Trustee	Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc.	Mark A. Herzog, 737 N. 5th Street, Suite 103, Richmond, VA 23219
16	C.N. Jenkins, Jr.	Trustee	Virginia Circuit Court	400 North Ninth Street, John Marshall Courts Bldg., Richmond, VA 23219
17	Kathy Ashby Merry	Trustee	The Harmonia Group	The Harmonia Group, 2020 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060
18	Robert S. Mills	Trustee	Commonwealth Architects	101 Shockoe Slip, 3rd Floor, Richmond, VA 23219
19	Gregory H. Ray	Trustee	Altria	Altria, 6601 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23230
20	Carol L. Robbins	Trustee	Suntrust	SunTrust Bank, P.O. Box 85024, Richmond, VA 23285-5024
21	R. Scott Ukrop	Trustee	3north	201 West 7th Street, Richmond, VA 23224
22	Robert A. Vallejo	Trustee	PricewaterhouseCoopers	PricewaterhouseCoopers 1021 E Cary St Richmond, VA 23219
23	Harold J. Williams III	Trustee	Dickinson Williams & Co.	1209 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23219
24	Steven R. William	Immediate Past President	McGuire Woods	McGuireWoods, One James Center, 901 Est Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23219-4030
25	Elise H. Wright	Life Trustee	Curator Valentine Richmond History Center	1015 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23219
26	Jane H. Armfield	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
27	Jonathan Bliley	Member Board of Advisors	Williams Mullen	Williams Mullen Center, 200 South 10th St., Suite 1600, Richmond, VA 23219
28	Nancy N. Cheely	Member Board of Advisors, Sustaining Council Member Council of Historic Richmond	Joyner Fine Properties	2727 Enterprise Pkwy,  Richmond VA 23294
29	Lilliboo Rawles Cronly	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
30	Karen S. Emroch	Member Board of Advisors, Sustaining Council Member Council of Historic Richmond	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
31	Thomas E. Fahed	Member Board of Advisors	Realtor Small and Associates	5413 Patterson Avenue, Suite 200; Richmond, VA 23226
32	John Owen Gwathmey	Member Board of Advisors	Troutman Sanders	Troutman Sanders, Troutman Sanders Bldg., 1001 Haxall Point, Richmond, VA 23219
33	Douglas J. Hanson	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
34	Kenneth D. McArthur, Jr.	Member Board of Advisors	DurretteCrump	1111 East Main Street #16, Richmond, VA 23219
35	Alice Reed McGuire	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
36	Robert W. Miller, Jr.	Member Board of Advisors	Miller & Associates	116 East Franklin Street #103a, Richmond, VA 23219
37	Kevin B. Osborne	Member Board of Advisors	Altria	Altria, 6601 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23230
38	Burt Pinnock	Member Board of Advisors	BAM Architects	101 South 15th Street #200, Richmond, VA 23219
39	J. Sargeant Reynolds, Jr.	Member Board of Advisors	Reynolds Development	6641 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23230
40	Mary Harding Sadler	Member Board of Advisors	Sadler & Whitehead	726 West 33rd Street, Richmond, VA 23225
41	Elizabeth Carrington Shuff	Member Board of Advisors, Sustaining Council Member Council of Historic Richmond	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
42	William S. Tate	Member Board of Advisors	Attorney	2100 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23223
43	Lynn C. Purdy	Member Board of Advisors, Sustaining Council Member Council of Historic Richmond		Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
44	Barbara B. Ukrop	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
45	Harry J. Warthen, III	Member Board of Advisors	Hunton & Williams, LLP	951 East Byrd Street Richmond, VA 23219
46	Martha A. Warthen	Member Board of Advisors	Hunton & Williams, LLP	951 East Byrd Street Richmond, VA 23219
47	Catharine Whitham	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
48	Lorna Wyckoff	Member Board of Advisors	Community Volunteer	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
49	James W. Klaus	Additional Board Member	Children's Wear Digest, Inc.	3607 Mayland Court, Richmond, VA 23233
50	Paige C. Anderson	Secretary, Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Hunton & Williams, LLP	951 East Byrd Street Richmond, VA 23219
51	Ms. Taylor R. Boyle	Treasurer, Junior Board of Historic Richmond	MeadWestvaco	501 South 5th St., Richmond, VA 23219-0501
52	Zachary D. Cohen	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	ThompsonMcMullen	100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 23219
53	Charles A. Coulomb	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Virginia Holocaust Museum	2000 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23223
54	Trevor S. Cox	President Elect, Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Hunton & Williams, LLP	951 East Byrd Street Richmond, VA 23219
55	Franklin Cragle	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Hirschler Fleischer	Post Office Box 500, Richmond, VA 23218-0500
56	Anna S. Curran	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond		Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
57	Nancy Hull Davidson	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond		Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
58	Danielle Dick	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Virginia Commonweath University	Department of Psychology, 806 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
59	Kate Fraser-Orr	Co-Special Events Chair, Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Retail Merchants Association	5101 Monument Avenue, Richmond, VA 23230
60	Juellisa Gadd	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	VCU Massey Cancer Center	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
61	David S. Galeski	Co-Special Events Chair Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond		Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
62	Meghan Gehr Hubbard	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	McGuire Woods	McGuireWoods, One James Center, 901 Est Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23219-4030
63	Chelsea Jeffries	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Chesterfield County	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
64	Elizabeth Kennan	Co-Membership Chair Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Capitol One	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
65	Rebecca R. Lupesco	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Release The Hounds	315 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23220
66	Katharine F. McDonald	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	American Red Cross	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
67	Zachary Means	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Divaris Real Estate	1111 East Main Street #801, Richmond, VA 23219
68	Keith Murphy	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	3north	201 West 7th Street, Richmond, VA 23224
69	Ronald A. Page, Jr.	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond		Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
70	Michael Phillips	President, Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Virginia Clean Cities	Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
71	Kristin P. Richardson	Immediate Past President, Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Williams Mullen	Williams Mullen Center, 200 South 10th St., Suite 1600, Richmond, VA 23219
72	Leslie A. Rudzinski	Junior Board Member of Historic Richmond	Kaplan & Frank, PLC	P.O. Box 2470, Richmond, VA 23224
73	Adam Trusner	Co-Membership Chair Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Morgan Stanley	For the rest of the entries in this table, Historic Richmond Foundation, 4 E. Main Street, Suite 1-C, Richmond, VA 23219
74	Danielle Worthing	Quoit Club Chair Junior Board of Historic Richmond	Dutton & Associates
75	Madeleine Bennett	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
76	Buffy Bickford	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
77	Laura Bland	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
78	Susie Bogese	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
79	Betsy Booth	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
80	MacKay Boyer	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
81	Debbie Brooks	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
82	Lisa Caperton	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
83	Betsy Coffield	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
84	Kim Condyles	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
85	Christine Corbin	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
86	Stacie Cornett	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
87	Susan Dameron	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
88	Joan Debiasi	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
89	Jennifer Fergusson	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
90	Barbara Flatin	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
91	Deborah Fulk	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
92	Sara Garza	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
93	Page George	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
94	Mary Anne Griffin	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
95	Jeanine Hinson	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
96	Victoria Hoskins	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
97	Patricia Hunter	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
98	Sarah Hurst	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
99	Eucharia Jackson	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
100	Lally Jennings	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
101	Molly Johnson	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
102	Maureen Leipertz	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
103	Beth Ludden	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
104	Sheila Macfarlane	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
105	Mary Beth Metcalf	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
106	Carol McKnight	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
107	Katherine Meyers	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
108	Cheryl Miller	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
109	Joni Moncure	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
110	Victoria Morahan	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
111	Maryann Moulton	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
112	Darcie Nelsen	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
113	Shirley Parker	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
114	Trudy Porter	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
115	Cara Rogers	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
116	Debbie Scott	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
117	Stacy Smith	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
118	Kerry Svoboda	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
119	Allison Woodward	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
120	Lucie Yudkin	Active Members Council of Historic Richmond
121	Margaret Bacigal	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
122	Karen Berkness	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
123	Anne Boeve	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
124	Pat Campbell	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
125	Janis Carrell	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
126	Joan Clement	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
127	Anne Dawson	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
128	Kathy DeLoyht	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
129	Cheryl Fockler	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
130	Deb Galeski	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
131	Debbie Gibbs	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
132	Susan Gibson	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
133	Ann McLean	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
134	Libby Marth	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
135	Anita Purcell	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
136	Martha Rhodes	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
137	Mary Roach	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
138	Gaye Steinmetz	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
139	Dee Dee Sutton	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
140	Lizzie Wallace	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
141	Del Warthen	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
142	Cabell West	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
143	Mary Wick	Sustaining Member Council of Historic Richmond
144	Sarah Matheson	Development Assistant Historic Richmond Foundation	Historic Richmond Foundation
145	Sally Mooney	Development Assistant Historic Richmond Foundation	Historic Richmond Foundation
146	Emily Davis	Director of Marketing & Communications	Historic Richmond Foundation
147	Catherine Dameron	Wedding Coordinator	Historic Richmond Foundation
148	Ceil Baxter	Office Manager	Historic Richmond Foundation

No.	Name	Title	Affiliation	Address
1	Dwight C. Jones	Mayor	City of Richmond	Mayor's Office, City of Richmond, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 201, Richmond, VA 23219
2	Charles R. Samuels	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
3	Ellen F. Robertson	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
4	Jonathan T. Balilies	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
5	Chris A. Hilbert	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
6	Kathy C. Graziano	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
7	Parker C. Agelasto	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
8	Cynthia I. Newbille	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
9	Reva M. Trammell	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
10	Michelle R. Mosby	Member City Council	Member City Council	Richmond City Council, 900 E. Broad St., Suite 305 Richmond, VA 23219
11	Terry McAuliffe	Governor	Virginia	P.O. Box 1475, Richmond, VA 23218

No.	Name	Title	Affiliation	Address
1	Thomas F. Farrell	Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer	Dominion Resources Inc.	120 Tredegar St., Richmond, VA 23219
2	Afton & Melissa Johnson	Owners	West View Companies	P.O. Box 21, Oilville, VA 23129
3		Will address to "Director"	Universal Leaf Foundation	P.O. Box 25099, Richmond, VA 23260
4		Will address to "Director"	Bon Secours Health System	1505 Marriotsville Rd., Marriotsville, MD 21104
5	Luca Paschina	Winemaker	Barboursville Vineyards	P.O. Box 136, Barboursville, VA 22923
6	Alex Wotring, Vince Riggi, Brian Marks	Founders	Belle Isle Craft Spirits	615 Maury St., Richmond, VA 23224
7	Louis R. Rogers	President and CEO	Capital Square Holdings	10900 Nuckols Rd., Suite 200, Glen Allen, VA 23060
8	Mitch Haddon	President and CEO	ColonialWebb	2820 Ackley Ave., Richmond, VA 23228
9	Martin J. Barrington	Chairman & CEO	Altria Group Inc.	6601 West Broad St., Richmond, VA 23230
10	H. Randolph Holmes Jr.	Senior Principle & President	Glave' & Holmes Architecture	2101 East Main St., Richmond, VA 23223
11	Eric McKay & Patrick Murtaugh	Founders	Hardywood Park Craft Brewery	2408 Ownby Lane, Richmond, VA 23220
12	Joe Sparatta, Emilia Sparatta, Matthias Hagglund	Co-owners	Heritage	1627 W. Main St., Richmond, VA 23220
13	Matt Brophy, Kristi Croxton, Jonathan Staples	Partners	James River Distillery	2700 Hardy St., Richmond, VA 23220
14	Robert E. Moritz	US Chairman and Senior Partner	Pricewaterhousecooper LLP	300 Madison Ave., 24th Floor, New York, NY 10017
15	Dr. R.P. Sowers	Founder and Chairman	Patient First Corp.	5000 Cox Rd., Suite 100, Glen Allen, VA 23060
16	Craig R. Smith	Executive Chairman of the Board	Owens & Minor, Inc.	9120 Lockwood Blvd., Mechanicsville, VA 23116
17	John Mason L. Antrim	President & CEO	Middleburg Trust	111 West Washington St., Middleburg, VA 20117
18	Albert R. Counselman	Chairman & CEO	RCM&D	4200 Innstake Dr., Suite 303, Glen Allen, VA 23060
19	Michael Sparks		Michael Sparks Design	205 Hull St., Richmond, VA 23224
20	George Keith Martin	Managing Partner	McGuireWoods	One James Center, 901 East Clay St., Richmond, VA 23219
21	Michael L. Hern	President and CEO	LeClairRyan	Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 East Byrd St., Eighth Floor, Richmond, VA 23219
22	John S. West	Managing Partner	Troutman Sanders	Troutman Sanders Bldg., 1001 Haxall Point, Richmond, VA 23219
23	G. William Beale	CEO	Union First Market	Union Market Bank, 1051 East Cary St., Suite 1200, Richmond, VA 23219